Journey Inside | Class 9 Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 2 min read
Journey Inside – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Journey Inside from Class 9 Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
8.4 Symbols of Elements
To simplify chemical notation, John Dalton introduced pictorial symbols for elements in 1803. Later, in 1813, Berzelius proposed using alphabetic symbols derived from Latin names of elements, which became the standard. Today, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) governs element names and symbols. Element symbols usually consist of one or two letters, with the first letter capitalized and the second lowercase (e.g., H for hydrogen, Al for aluminium). Some symbols derive from Latin, Greek, or German names, such as Fe for iron (ferrum), Hg for mercury (hydrargyros), and W for tungsten (wolfram). Table 8.2 lists common elements and their symbols. Using standardized symbols allows scientists worldwide to communicate clearly and efficiently, avoiding confusion from different languages or naming conventions.
📊 Diagram: Fig. 8.9: Symbols of some elements given by Dalton; Table 8.2: Names of some common elements and their symbols; Fig. 8.15: Alphabetic chemical symbols from Latin names.
🧪 Activity: Questions about naming new elements and problems with inconsistent symbols.
🔗 Connection: Leads to understanding atomic number, mass number, and atomic structure.
Frequently asked questions
Which pigment found in chloroplasts is responsible for capturing sunlight to carry out photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
Identify the structure labelled as 'grana' in the chloroplast diagram, which consists of stacks of thylakoids where light-dependent reactions occur.
Grana are stacks of thylakoids inside the chloroplast where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis as described in the chapter.
Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
Explain the role of the central vacuole in plant cells.
See the chapter notes in the ConceptScroll app.
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Clear NCERT-aligned notes on खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार for Class 9 Science.
- खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार | Class 9 Science Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार for Class 9 Science.