Improvement in Food Resources | Class 9 Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 5 min read
Improvement in Food Resources – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Improvement in Food Resources from Class 9 Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Crop Production and Management
Crop production involves growing crops for food, fiber, fuel, and other purposes. Crop management includes all the steps taken to ensure healthy growth and high yield of crops. The main steps in crop production and management are:
1. Preparation of Soil: Soil is prepared by ploughing and leveling to create a suitable seedbed. Ploughing loosens the soil, improves aeration, and helps in mixing organic matter.
2. Sowing: Selecting quality seeds and sowing them at the right time and proper depth is crucial for good germination.
3. Adding Manure and Fertilizers: Manure improves soil fertility by adding organic matter, while fertilizers provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
4. Irrigation: Providing adequate water at different crop growth stages is essential. Methods include traditional (flooding) and modern techniques like drip and sprinkler irrigation.
5. Weeding: Removal of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops for nutrients, water, and light.
6. Crop Protection: Protecting crops from pests and diseases using pesticides, biological control, and integrated pest management.
7. Harvesting: Collecting mature crops at the right time to maximize yield and quality.
These steps collectively ensure better crop yield and quality, which is vital to meet the food demands of the growing population.
📊 Diagram: No specific diagrams in this section.
🧪 Activity: No specific activity in this section.
🔗 Connection: Leads to the next section on crop improvement techniques.
Table on page 4 (4×4)
| Organism (draw or write name) | Where do you see it? (flying high in air/flying near the ground/tree/water/forest floor) | When does it appear to be active? (day/night/unsure) | Any visible feature(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Owl | Tree | Night | Feathers |
Table on page 4 (3×3)
| The grouping criterion | Which organisms fit in this group? | What feature or pattern helped you decide? |
|---|---|---|
| Carnivore | Eagle, tiger, leopard | Eating habits |
Table on page 12 (2×3)
| Plant groups and salient features | Advantages of the group for survival | Exceptions/ Challenges |
|---|
| Thallopyta
Table on page 13 (1×3)
| --- | --- | --- |
|---|
| Angiosperm
Table on page 15 (5×5)
| Image | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porifera | Cnidaria | Platyhelminthes | Nematoda | |
| Habitat | Water (Marine) | Water (Fresh and marine) | Water/inside host | Soil/water/inside host |
| Level of organisation | Cellular | Tissue | Organ | Organ system (digestive system) |
| Skeleton | X | X | X | X |
Table on page 16 (5×4)
| e) | (f) | g) | (h) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annelida | Arthropoda | Mollusca | Echinodermata |
| Moist soil/water | Land/water | Water/moist land | Marine water |
| Organ system | Organ system | Organ system | Organ system |
| X | Exoskeleton | Exoskeleton | Endoskeleton |
Table on page 18 (18×2)
| Tiger | |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Sub-phylum | Vertebrata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Carnivora |
| Family | Felidae |
| Genus | Panthera |
| Species | P. tigris |
| Pea | |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Magnoliophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Fabales |
| Family | Fabaceae |
| Genus | Pisum |
| Species | P. sativum |
Table on page 19 (3×3)
| S. No. | Common name | Scientific Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Tiger | Panthera tigris |
| 2. | Mango | Mangifera indica |
Table on page 23 (6×2)
| Organisms | Key Observations |
|---|---|
| P | Microscopic; no true nucleus; rigid cell covering; survives high salinity and temperature |
| Q | Multicellular; filamentous body; cell wall present; no chlorophyll; grows on dead organic matter |
| R | Unicellular; true nucleus; contractile vacuole present; moves using flagella; shows photosynthesis in light but heterotrophic in the absence of light |
| S | Multicellular; well-differentiated tissues; backbone present; aquatic respiration during early life stage |
| T | Acellular; contains genetic material; remains inactive outside a host cell |
Frequently asked questions
Poultry farming is done for (i) Egg production (ii) Honey production (iii) Meat production (iv) Milk production
(i) (iii)
Cattle husbandry is done for the following purposes (i) Milk Production (ii) Agricultural work (iii) Meat production (iv) Egg production
(i), (ii) and (iii)
An athlete is running in a decagonal track in uniform motion. How many times do the athlete have to change its direction if it covers 5 times the circumference of the path?
50
Tissue that is made up of only one type of permanent cells that perform the same function is called _________.
Simple permanent tissue
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Clear NCERT-aligned notes on खाद्य संसाधनों में सुधार for Class 9 Science.