in Psychology | Class 11 Psychology Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read
in Psychology – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of in Psychology from Class 11 Psychology, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Some Important Methods in Psychology
Psychologists use various methods to collect data because no single method can capture the complexity of human behaviour. Key methods include observation, experimental, correlational, survey, psychological testing, and case study. Observation involves systematically watching and recording behaviour, either in naturalistic or controlled settings, and can be participant or non-participant. Experiments manipulate variables to establish cause-effect relationships, using independent and dependent variables, with control and experimental groups. Correlational research examines associations between variables without manipulation. Surveys collect data on opinions and attitudes via interviews, questionnaires, or telephone. Psychological testing assesses individual differences using standardized instruments measuring intelligence, personality, or aptitude. Case studies provide in-depth analysis of unique individuals, groups, or events using multiple data sources. Selecting appropriate methods depends on research goals and questions.
📊 Diagram: No specific diagrams here but Box 2.1 illustrates an experiment on smoke reporting by Latane and Darley.
🧪 Activity: Activity 2.1: Observing a psychology class to note teacher and student behaviour and interaction patterns.
🔗 Connection: Prepares for detailed explanation of each method starting with the observational method.
Frequently asked questions
1. What are the goals of scientific enquiry?
The goals of scientific enquiry are to describe, explain, predict, and control phenomena. Description involves observing and noting facts; explanation involves understanding the causes and reasons behind phenomena; prediction involves forecasting future occurrences based on current knowledge; and control involves influencing or regulating phenomena to achieve desired outcomes.
2. Describe the various steps involved in conducting a scientific enquiry.
The steps involved in conducting a scientific enquiry are: 1. Identifying the Problem: Recognizing and defining the problem or question to be studied. 2. Formulating a Hypothesis: Proposing a tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested. 3. Designing the Study: Planning how to collect data, including selecting methods and participants. 4. Collecting Data: Gathering information through observation, experimentation, or surveys. 5. Analyzing Data: Organizing and interpreting the data to f
3. Explain the nature of psychological data.
Psychological data refers to the information collected about human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It can be qualitative or quantitative and is often complex due to the subjective nature of psychological phenomena. The data is collected through various methods such as observation, experiments, surveys, and tests. It requires careful interpretation and analysis to understand underlying psychological processes.
4. How do experimental and control groups differ? Explain with the help of an example.
Experimental and control groups are two essential components of an experiment. The experimental group is exposed to the independent variable or treatment, while the control group is not exposed to the treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison.
Example: Suppose a researcher wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on students' performance. The experimental group is taught using the new method, while the control group is taught using the traditional method. By comparing the perf
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- अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग | Class 11 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग for Class 11 Psychology.
- अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग | Class 11 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग for Class 11 Psychology.
- अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग | Class 11 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग for Class 11 Psychology.