in Psychology | Class 11 Psychology Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read
in Psychology – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of in Psychology from Class 11 Psychology, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Steps in Conducting Scientific Research
Scientific research in psychology follows a systematic, objective, and testable procedure to study phenomena. The key steps include: (1) Conceptualising a Problem, (2) Collecting Data, (3) Drawing Conclusions, and (4) Revising Research Conclusions. Conceptualising involves selecting a research topic, narrowing the focus, and developing specific research questions or hypotheses based on past research, observations, or personal experience. For example, a researcher interested in study habits may define what constitutes study habits and formulate a hypothesis such as 'greater exposure to violent TV leads to higher aggression in children.' Collecting data requires designing the study, deciding on participants, methods, tools, and procedures for data collection. Drawing conclusions involves analyzing data using statistical or graphical methods to verify hypotheses. Revising conclusions is a continuous process where hypotheses are confirmed, rejected, or modified based on findings, leading to further research. Objectivity ensures that independent researchers reach similar conclusions, and systematic procedures maintain consistency and reliability in research.
📊 Diagram: Figure 2.1 depicts the steps in conducting scientific enquiry as a flowchart: Conceptualising a problem → Collecting data → Drawing conclusions → Revising conclusions and theory.
🔗 Connection: Leads to understanding different paradigms of research and how behaviour can be studied scientifically and interpretively.
Frequently asked questions
1. What are the goals of scientific enquiry?
The goals of scientific enquiry are to describe, explain, predict, and control phenomena. Description involves observing and noting facts; explanation involves understanding the causes and reasons behind phenomena; prediction involves forecasting future occurrences based on current knowledge; and control involves influencing or regulating phenomena to achieve desired outcomes.
2. Describe the various steps involved in conducting a scientific enquiry.
The steps involved in conducting a scientific enquiry are: 1. Identifying the Problem: Recognizing and defining the problem or question to be studied. 2. Formulating a Hypothesis: Proposing a tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested. 3. Designing the Study: Planning how to collect data, including selecting methods and participants. 4. Collecting Data: Gathering information through observation, experimentation, or surveys. 5. Analyzing Data: Organizing and interpreting the data to f
3. Explain the nature of psychological data.
Psychological data refers to the information collected about human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It can be qualitative or quantitative and is often complex due to the subjective nature of psychological phenomena. The data is collected through various methods such as observation, experiments, surveys, and tests. It requires careful interpretation and analysis to understand underlying psychological processes.
4. How do experimental and control groups differ? Explain with the help of an example.
Experimental and control groups are two essential components of an experiment. The experimental group is exposed to the independent variable or treatment, while the control group is not exposed to the treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison.
Example: Suppose a researcher wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on students' performance. The experimental group is taught using the new method, while the control group is taught using the traditional method. By comparing the perf
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- अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग | Class 11 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग for Class 11 Psychology.
- अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग | Class 11 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग for Class 11 Psychology.
- अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग | Class 11 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on अभिप्रेरणा एवं संवेग for Class 11 Psychology.