Fractions | Class 6 Mathematics Notes

7.8 Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

This section explains how to add and subtract fractions. When fractions have the same denominator (same fractional unit), add or subtract the numerators and keep the denominator unchanged. For example, 1/5 + 2/5 = (1+2)/5 = 3/5. When denominators differ, convert fractions to equivalent fractions with a common denominator before adding or subtracting. This method was first described by the ancient Indian mathematician Brahmagupta. The steps for addition and subtraction include finding equivalent fractions with the same denominator, performing addition or subtraction on numerators, and simplifying the result if needed. Visual models like rectangular strips and number lines help understand these operations. The section includes examples and exercises for adding and subtracting fractions with same and different denominators.

📊 Diagram: Rectangular strip models showing addition and subtraction of fractions with same denominator; number line models for addition; See figure_63, figure_64, figure_65, figure_66, figure_67, figure_68, figure_69, figure_70, figure_71.

🧪 Activity: Adding and subtracting various fractions using Brahmagupta's method, solving word problems involving fractions.

🔗 Connection: Concludes the chapter with historical context and puzzles related to fractions.