Question 1

Categorise the following as syntax error, logical error or runtime error:
a) 25 / 0
b) num1 = 25; num2 = 0; num1/num2

Accepted Answer

a) 25 / 0 causes a runtime error (ZeroDivisionError) because division by zero is undefined.
b) num1 = 25; num2 = 0; num1/num2 also causes a runtime error (ZeroDivisionError) for the same reason. — Both expressions attempt division by zero, which is not allowed during program execution, causing runtime errors. There is no syntax error or logical error here.

Question 2

A dartboard of radius 10 units and the wall it is hanging on are represented using a two-dimensional coordinate system, with the board’s center at coordinate (0,0). Variables x and y store the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of a dart that hits the dartboard. Write a Python expression using variables x and y that evaluates to if the dart hits (is within) the dartboard, and then evaluate the expression for these dart coordinates:
a) (0,0)
b) (10,10)
c) (6, 6)
d) (7,8)

Accepted Answer

The dart hits the dartboard if the distance from the center (0,0) to the point (x,y) is less than or equal to 10 units. The condition is: x**2 + y**2 <= 10**2 Evaluations: a) (0,0): 0**2 + 0**2 = 0 <= 100 → True b) (10,10): 10**2 + 10**2 = 100 + 100 = 200 > 100 → False c) (6,6): 6**2 + 6**2 = 36 + 36 = 72 <= 100 → True d) (7,8): 7**2 + 8**2 = 49 + 64 = 113 > 100 → False — The dartboard is a circle with radius 10 centered at (0,0). The dart hits inside the board if the point lies within or on the circle boundary, which means the sum of squares of x and y coordinates is less than or equal to 100.

Question 3

Write a Python program to convert temperature in degree Celsius to degree Fahrenheit. If water boils at 100 degree C and freezes as 0 degree C, use the program to find out what is the boiling point and freezing point of water on the Fahrenheit scale. (Hint: T(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32)

Accepted Answer

Program:

celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
print(f"Temperature in Fahrenheit: {fahrenheit}")

# Using the program for boiling point
celsius = 100
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
print(f"Boiling point of water in Fahrenheit: {fahrenheit}")

# Using the program for freezing point
celsius = 0
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
print(f"Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit: {fahrenheit}") — The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is T(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32. For 100°C, Fahrenheit = 100 × 9/5 + 32 = 212°F. For 0°C, Fahrenheit = 0 × 9/5 + 32 = 32°F.

Question 4

Write a Python program to calculate the amount payable if money has been lent on simple interest. Principal or money lent = P, Rate of interest = R% per annum and Time = T years. Then Simple Interest (SI) = (P x R x T)/ 100. Amount payable = Principal + SI. P, R and T are given as input to the program.

Accepted Answer

Program:

P = float(input("Enter principal amount: "))
R = float(input("Enter rate of interest per annum: "))
T = float(input("Enter time in years: "))

SI = (P * R * T) / 100
Amount_payable = P + SI

print(f"Simple Interest: {SI}")
print(f"Amount payable: {Amount_payable}") — Simple Interest is calculated using the formula SI = (P × R × T)/100. The total amount payable is the sum of principal and simple interest.

Question 5

Write a program to calculate in how many days a work will be completed by three persons A, B and C together. A, B, C take x days, y days and z days respectively to do the job alone. The formula to calculate the number of days if they work together is xyz/(xy + yz + xz) days where x, y, and z are given as input to the program.

Accepted Answer

Program:

x = float(input("Enter days taken by A alone: "))
y = float(input("Enter days taken by B alone: "))
z = float(input("Enter days taken by C alone: "))

days_together = (x * y * z) / (x * y + y * z + x * z)

print(f"Number of days to complete work together: {days_together}") — The formula xyz/(xy + yz + xz) calculates the combined work rate of three persons working together and gives the total days required.

Question 6

Write a program to enter two integers and perform all arithmetic operations on them.

Accepted Answer

Program:

num1 = int(input("Enter first integer: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second integer: "))

print(f"Addition: {num1 + num2}")
print(f"Subtraction: {num1 - num2}")
print(f"Multiplication: {num1 * num2}")
print(f"Division: {num1 / num2}")
print(f"Floor Division: {num1 // num2}")
print(f"Modulus: {num1 % num2}")
print(f"Exponentiation: {num1 ** num2}") — The program takes two integers as input and performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, floor division, modulus, and exponentiation operations.

Question 7

Write a program to swap two numbers using a third variable.

Accepted Answer

Program:

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

# Swapping using third variable
c = a
a = b
b = c

print(f"After swapping: a = {a}, b = {b}") — The program uses a temporary variable 'c' to hold the value of 'a' while assigning 'b' to 'a' and then 'c' to 'b', effectively swapping the values.

Question 8

Write a program to swap two numbers without using a third variable.

Accepted Answer

Program:

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

# Swapping without third variable
a = a + b
b = a - b
a = a - b

print(f"After swapping: a = {a}, b = {b}") — The program swaps values by arithmetic operations without using a temporary variable: sum is stored in 'a', then 'b' is updated by subtracting new 'b' from 'a', and finally 'a' is updated by subtracting new 'b' from 'a'.

Question 9

Write a program to repeat the string ‘‘GOOD MORNING” n times. Here ‘n’ is an integer entered by the user.

Accepted Answer

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the number of times to repeat: "))

print("GOOD MORNING" * n) — The program takes an integer input 'n' and prints the string 'GOOD MORNING' repeated 'n' times using string multiplication.

Question 10

Write a program to find average of three numbers.

Accepted Answer

Program:

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))

average = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3

print(f"Average of three numbers: {average}") — The program calculates the average by summing the three numbers and dividing by 3.

Question 11

The volume of a sphere with radius r is 4/3πr3. Write a Python program to find the volume of spheres with radius 7cm, 12cm, 16cm, respectively.

Accepted Answer

Program:

import math

radii = [7, 12, 16]

for r in radii:
    volume = (4/3) * math.pi * (r ** 3)
    print(f"Volume of sphere with radius {r} cm: {volume:.2f} cubic cm") — The volume of a sphere is calculated using the formula (4/3)πr³. The program computes and prints the volume for each radius in the list.

Question 12

Write a program that asks the user to enter their name and age. Print a message addressed to the user that tells the user the year in which they will turn 100 years old.

Accepted Answer

Program:

name = input("Enter your name: ")
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

current_year = 2026  # Assuming current year

year_turn_100 = current_year + (100 - age)

print(f"Hello {name}, you will turn 100 years old in the year {year_turn_100}.") — The program calculates the year when the user will turn 100 by adding the difference (100 - current age) to the current year.

Question 13

The formula E = mc2 states that the equivalent energy (E) can be calculated as the mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light (c = about 3×108 m/s) squared. Write a program that accepts the mass of an object and determines its energy.

Accepted Answer

Program:

m = float(input("Enter mass of the object in kg: "))
c = 3 * 10**8  # speed of light in m/s

E = m * (c ** 2)

print(f"Equivalent energy (E) = {E} joules") — The program calculates energy using Einstein's formula E = mc², where c is the speed of light (3×10^8 m/s).

Question 14

Presume that a ladder is put upright against a wall. Let variables length and angle store the length of the ladder and the angle that it forms with the ground as it leans against the wall. Write a Python program to compute the height reached by the ladder on the wall for the following values of length and angle:
a) 16 feet and 75 degrees
b) 20 feet and 0 degrees
c) 24 feet and 45 degrees
d) 24 feet and 80 degrees

Accepted Answer

Program:

import math

# Function to calculate height

def ladder_height(length, angle_degrees):
    angle_radians = math.radians(angle_degrees)
    height = length * math.sin(angle_radians)
    return height

# Given values
values = [
    (16, 75),
    (20, 0),
    (24, 45),
    (24, 80)
]

for length, angle in values:
    height = ladder_height(length, angle)
    print(f"Length: {length} feet, Angle: {angle} degrees -> Height: {height:.2f} feet") — The height reached by the ladder is calculated using trigonometry: height = length × sin(angle). The angle is converted from degrees to radians for calculation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a programming language?

Accepted Answer

A set of instructions executed by a computer to perform a specific task — A programming language is a formal language comprising a set of instructions that can be executed by a computer to perform specific tasks. It allows humans to write source code that is translated into machine language.

Getting Started with Python

Getting Started with Python — Study Notes

Introduction to Python

Installing Python and Setting Up the Environment

Writing Your First Python Program

Practice Questions — Getting Started with Python

All 11 Chapters in Computer Science