Chapter 1

प्रस्तावना

The introduction to the textbook 'Political Theory & Thought' by Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota, sets the stage for the study of political science at the undergraduate level. This book is designed specifically for third-year students pursuing a Bachelor of Arts degree, especially those enrolled in distance education. The content has been developed using scientific methods to ensure clarity and comprehensiveness. The course covers major streams of political theory and thought. Under political theory, students will study key concepts such as the state, rights, liberty, citizenship, democracy, multiculturalism, and globalization. In the section on political thought, the focus is on major Western political thinkers, including Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Karl Marx, and John Rawls. Each unit is structured to provide clear objectives at the beginning, helping students understand what they are expected to learn. The book uses terminology as per the scientific and technical glossary published by the Government of India, ensuring that students are familiar with standard terms. The presentation of each unit is contextually rich, enabling students to gain a thorough understanding of the theoretical dimensions of political science. Suggestions for improvement are welcomed for future editions, reflecting the book's commitment to continuous enhancement.

• The book is intended for third-year undergraduate students of political science.
• It is suitable for distance education learners.
• The content is developed using scientific methods and standardized terminology.
• The course covers both political theory and major Western political thinkers.
• Each unit starts with clear objectives.
• Suggestions for improvement are invited for future editions.
• 📌 Political Theory: The systematic study of key concepts such as the state, rights, liberty, citizenship, and democracy.
• 📌 Political Thought: The study of ideas and philosophies of major political thinkers.

इकाई 1: राजनीति : परिभाषा एवं विषय क्षेत्र

Unit 1 focuses on the definition and subject area of politics. The unit is systematically outlined to help students understand the foundational aspects of political science. The outline includes: 1.0 Objectives: What students will learn after studying this unit. 1.1 Introduction: The nature of politics as a unique human activity, similar to religion. 1.2 What is Politics: Exploration of the meaning of politics. 1.3 Negative and Positive Aspects of Politics: Understanding the dual perceptions of politics. 1.4 Definition of Politics: Various definitions provided by scholars. 1.5 Main Approaches to Politics: Different perspectives on politics, including: - Politics as the art of government - Politics as public affairs - Politics as compromise and consensus - Politics as the distribution of power and resources - The Marxist perspective on politics 1.6 Summary: Recap of the key points covered in the unit. 1.7 Practice Questions: Questions for self-assessment. 1.8 Reference Books: Suggested readings for further study. The objectives of this unit are to enable students to: - Understand what politics is - Explain why politics is called the 'master science' - Identify the negative and positive aspects of politics - Define politics - Recognize the main approaches to the study of politics

• Unit 1 provides a comprehensive outline for understanding politics.
• Objectives clarify the expected learning outcomes.
• The unit covers definitions, approaches, and perceptions of politics.
• Practice questions and references are included for self-study.
• 📌 Politics: A unique human activity involving decision-making, agreement, and disagreement among individuals in society.