Equality | Class 11 Political Science Notes

Economic Inequalities in India

This section presents data from the 2011 Census of India to illustrate economic inequalities between rural and urban families. It highlights disparities in access to basic household amenities such as electricity, tap water, bathrooms, television, and vehicles. For example, only 55% of rural families have electricity compared to 93% of urban families; 35% of rural families have tap water in the house versus 71% in urban areas. These figures reveal significant urban-rural divides in living standards and access to resources. The section also raises the question of why inequalities persist despite widespread acceptance of equality as an ideal. It points out the paradox that while everyone accepts equality, inequalities in wealth, opportunities, and power are evident everywhere, including within families. This paradox prompts critical reflection on whether inequalities are natural or socially constructed and what kind of equality society should pursue. The section sets the stage for deeper inquiry into the meaning and dimensions of equality.

📊 Diagram: Why talk about global or national inequalities when all around us there are inequalities to which nobody seems to object? Just look at the way my parents favour my brother over me.

🧪 Activity: Students are encouraged to reflect on their own family’s position regarding access to amenities.

🔗 Connection: Leads to the section '3.2 WHAT IS EQUALITY?' which discusses the meaning and implications of equality.

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