Electric Charges and Fields | Class 12 Physics Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 2 min read
Electric Charges and Fields – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Electric Charges and Fields from Class 12 Physics, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Electric Field Lines
Electric field lines are a graphical representation of electric fields that provide an intuitive visualization of the direction and relative magnitude of the electric field around charges. These lines start from positive charges and end on negative charges, indicating the direction of the electric field vector at every point. The density of field lines in a region indicates the strength of the electric field; closer lines mean a stronger field. Field lines never intersect because the electric field vector at a point has a unique direction. For a single positive point charge, the field lines are radial and outward; for a negative charge, radial and inward. For two charges, the pattern depends on their signs and magnitudes. Field lines help in understanding the behavior of charges in an electric field and are useful in visualizing complex charge configurations. They also illustrate the concept of electric flux through surfaces.
📊 Diagram: Diagrams showing electric field lines for (a) a single positive charge with radial outward lines, (b) a single negative charge with radial inward lines, and (c) an electric dipole with lines starting at positive and ending at negative charge.
🧪 Activity: No specific activity in this section.
🔗 Connection: Leads to detailed study of electric dipoles and their fields.
Frequently asked questions
Q5 If an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field , it experiences
Torque only
Q2. A body can be negatively charged
By adding some electrons to it
Q4.In a region where intensity of electric field is 5NC -1 , 40 electric field lines are crossing per square metre. The number of electric field lines crossing per square metre where intensity of electric field is 10 NC -1 , will be
80
Which of the following angle has minimum potential energy when dipole is placed in uniform electric field
0º
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