Data Handling and Presentation

Introduction to Data Handling

Data handling is an essential part of mathematics that deals with collecting, organizing, and interpreting information. In our daily lives, we come across various types of data, such as the number of students in a class, the favorite games of children, or the number of books borrowed from a library. Handling data helps us to make sense of this information and draw meaningful conclusions. The process of data handling involves several steps: first, data collection through surveys or observations; second, organizing the data systematically; third, representing the data visually; and finally, interpreting the data to answer questions or solve problems. This chapter introduces these steps and explains how to work with data effectively. Understanding data handling helps students develop skills to analyze information critically and make informed decisions in real life. **Table on page 5 (1×7)** | Letter | c | e | i | r | x | Any other letter of your choice | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Number of times found in the news item | | | | | | | **Table on page 7 (3×2)** | Response | Number of Children ( = 10 Children) | | --- | --- | | Always | | | Sometimes | | | Never | | **Table on page 11 (7×4)** | | Day | Number of Books Borrowed | ( =1 Book ) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | Monday | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | Wednesday | | | | Thursday Friday Saturday a. On which day were the minimum number of books borrowed? b. What was the total number of books borrowed during the week? c. On which day were the maximum number of books borrowed? What may be the possible reason? 2. M agan Bhai sells kites at Jamnagar. Six shopkeepers from nearby villages come to purchase kites from him. The number of kites he sold to these six shopkeepers are given below — Shopkeeper Number of Kites Sold Chaman 250 Rani 300 Rukhsana 100 Jasmeet 450 Jetha Lal 250 Poonam Ben 700 | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | Friday | | | | | Saturday | | | **Table on page 17 (1×9)** | Match | Match 1 | Match 2 | Match 3 | Match 4 | Match 5 | Match 6 | Match 7 | Match 8 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Runs | 80 | 50 | 10 | 100 | 90 | 0 | 90 | 50 | **Table on page 20 (2×5)** | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Mites | Caterpillars | Beetles | Butterflies | Grasshoppers | | 6 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | **Table on page 20 (1×6)** | City | Vidisha | Jabalpur | Seoni | Indore | Sagar | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Number of tickets | 24 | 20 | 16 | 28 | 16 | **Table on page 21 (10×7)** | Vidisha Jabalpur Seoni Indore Sagar City a. Write the number of tickets sold for Vidisha above the bar. b. Write the number of tickets sold for Jabalpur above the bar. c. The bar for Vidisha is 6 unit lengths and the bar for Jabalpur is 5 unit lengths. What is the scale for this graph? d. Draw the correct bar for Sagar. e. Add the scale of the bar graph by placing the correct numbers on the vertical axis. f. Are the bars for Seoni and Indore correct in this graph? I not, draw the correct bar(s). 3. Chinu listed the various means of transport that passed across the road in front of his house from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m.: bike car bike bus bike bike bike auto rickshaw bicycle bullock bicycle auto cart rickshaw car scooter car auto bicycle bike rickshaw car auto rickshaw bike scooter bike car bicycle scooter bicycle scooter bike bus auto rickshaw auto rickshaw bike bicycle bus bike bicycle scooter bus scooter auto bike rickshaw | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | bike | car | bike | bus | bike | bike | | | bike | auto rickshaw | bicycle | bullock cart | bicycle | auto rickshaw | | | car | scooter | car | auto rickshaw | bicycle | bike | | | car | auto rickshaw | bike | scooter | bike | car | | | bicycle | scooter | bicycle | scooter | bike | bus | | | auto rickshaw | auto rickshaw | bike | bicycle | bus | bike | | | bicycle | scooter | bus | scooter | auto rickshaw | bike | | | | | | | | | | | scooter | bicycle | bike | bullock cart | auto rickshaw | scooter | | | car | scooter | | | | |

• Data handling involves collecting, organizing, and interpreting information.
• Data can be collected through surveys, observations, or experiments.
• Organizing data systematically makes it easier to understand and analyze.
• Visual representation of data helps in better interpretation.
• Data handling is used in everyday life for decision making.
• The chapter covers various methods of data representation like tables, tally marks, pictographs, and bar graphs.
• 📌 Data: Information collected for analysis.
• 📌 Data handling: The process of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data.

Organising Data in Tables

Once data is collected, it is important to organize it in a systematic way to make it easier to read and analyze. Tables are an effective method for organizing data. A table consists of rows and columns where data is arranged clearly. Each row typically represents a category or an item, and each column represents a characteristic or a value related to that category. Organizing data in tables helps in comparing different items and identifying patterns or trends. For example, a table listing students' names along with their favorite games helps us quickly see which games are popular. Tables can also include tally marks to show frequencies, making counting and summarizing easier. Properly constructed tables are the first step towards representing data visually through pictographs or bar graphs. **Table on page 2 (10×3)** | Mehnoor – Kabaddi | Pushkal – Satoliya (Pittu) | Anaya – Kabaddi | | --- | --- | --- | | Jubimon – Hockey | Densy – Badminton | Jivisha – Satoliya (Pittu) | | Simran – Kabaddi | Jivika – Satoliya (Pittu) | Rajesh – Football | | Nand – Satoliya (Pittu) | Leela – Hockey | Thara – Football | | Ankita – Kabaddi | Afshan – Hockey | Soumya – Cricket | | Imon – Hockey | Keerat – Cricket | Navjot – Hockey | | Yuvraj – Cricket | Gurpreet – Hockey | Hemal – Satoliya (Pittu) | | Rehana – Hockey | Arsh – Kabaddi | Debabrata – Football | | Aarna – Badminton | Bhavya – Cricket | Ananya – Hockey | | Kompal – Football | Sarah – Kabaddi | Hardik – Cricket | | Tahira – Cricket | | | **Table on page 3 (5×3)** | Sweets | Tally Marks | No. of Students | | --- | --- | --- | | Jalebi | |||| | | 6 | | Gulab jamun | |||| |||| | 9 | | Gujiya | |||| |||| ||| | ____________ | | Barfi | ||| | ____________ | | Rasgulla | |||| || | ____________ | **Table on page 6 (5×3)** | Modes of Travelling | Number of Students | = 1 Student | | --- | --- | --- | | Private car | | | | Public bus | | | | School bus | | | | Cycle | | | | Walking | | |

• Tables organize data into rows and columns for clarity.
• Each row represents an item or category; each column represents data attributes.
• Tables help in comparing and analyzing data easily.
• Tally marks can be used within tables to record frequencies.
• Organized data in tables is useful for further representation like graphs.
• Tables reduce confusion and make data interpretation straightforward.
• 📌 Table: A systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns.
• 📌 Row: Horizontal arrangement in a table representing an item or category.
• 📌 Column: Vertical arrangement in a table representing data attributes.