Chapter 15

इकाई- 1: समाजशास्त्र का उद्भव, विकास एवं विषयवस्तु

This section introduces the origins, development, and subject matter of Sociology. Sociology is a relatively new discipline among the social sciences, compared to older fields like Political Science, Economics, and Psychology. The origins and development of Sociology are traced back to approximately 170 years ago. The text explains that humans have always been curious about their surroundings and the structure of society. Initially, people relied on religious explanations to understand society, believing that both humans and society were created by a divine power. This approach was fundamentally religious and did not involve scientific analysis. However, with the advent of scientific and technological advancements, a scientific outlook towards society began to develop. This led to the birth of Sociology as a scientific study of society. Modern Sociology as a science was established in 1838 in France, and the credit for this is given to the French philosopher Auguste Comte. Comte is recognized as the founder of Sociology, and he was the first to use the term 'Sociology.' The section outlines the objectives of the unit, which include understanding the necessity of Sociology, analyzing significant events in 18th and 19th century Europe, tracing the development of Sociology, and examining its growth in India before and after independence. It also aims to clarify the elements studied within Sociology and highlight the new dimensions added to the subject in the contemporary era.

• Sociology is a new discipline among social sciences, established around 170 years ago.
• Earlier, society was understood through religious perspectives, not scientific methods.
• Scientific and technological progress led to a scientific approach to studying society.
• Modern Sociology was established in 1838 in France by Auguste Comte.
• The section aims to explain the need for Sociology, its development in Europe and India, and its subject matter.
• 📌 Sociology: The scientific study of society, its origin, development, and subject matter.
• 📌 Auguste Comte: French philosopher credited with founding Sociology as a scientific discipline.

इकाई की रूपरेखा

This section provides a detailed outline of the unit, highlighting the main topics and subtopics to be covered. The outline includes the objectives of the unit, an introduction, the background of the origin and development of Sociology, and the significant historical events in Europe that influenced its emergence. It also discusses the development of Sociology in India, both before and after independence, and elaborates on the subject matter and scope of Sociology, including the perspectives of its founders, traditional subject matter, and new dimensions in the modern era. The section ends with a summary, self-assessment questions, answers, glossary, and references.

• The unit covers the origin, development, and subject matter of Sociology.
• It discusses key historical events in Europe that shaped Sociology.
• The development of Sociology in India is addressed, both pre- and post-independence.
• The subject matter and scope of Sociology are elaborated upon.
• The unit includes summaries, self-assessment questions, glossary, and references.
• 📌 Subject Matter: The topics and issues studied within a discipline.
• 📌 Scope: The range or extent of topics covered by a subject.