What is Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Class 8: Complete Guide
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 19 June 2026 · 3 min read
What is Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Class 8? Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres produced from chemicals, while plastics are materials made from synthetic polymers. Both are important topics in the Class 8 NCERT Science syllabus and have many practical applications.
Definition and Importance of Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
Synthetic fibres are fibres made by humans through chemical processes, unlike natural fibres which come from plants or animals. Plastics are materials made from synthetic polymers that can be shaped and hardened. Both synthetic fibres and plastics are widely used in daily life because they are durable, lightweight, and resistant to water and chemicals. In Class 8 NCERT Science, understanding these materials helps students learn about modern materials and their impact on society.
How Synthetic Fibres Are Made
Synthetic fibres are created by chemically processing raw materials like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The process involves:
- Polymerisation: Small molecules called monomers join to form long chains called polymers.
- Spinning: The polymers are spun into fibres.
Common synthetic fibres include nylon, polyester, and acrylic. These fibres are then woven or knitted to make fabrics used in clothes, ropes, and carpets.
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Types of Synthetic Fibres and Their Uses
Here are some common synthetic fibres and their uses:
| Fibre | Uses |
|---|---|
| Nylon | Clothes, parachutes, ropes |
| Polyester | Shirts, bedsheets, curtains |
| Acrylic | Sweaters, blankets, upholstery |
Synthetic fibres are preferred for their strength, elasticity, and resistance to water and insects, making them ideal for many textile products.
Understanding Plastics: Types and Characteristics
Plastics are synthetic materials made from polymers. They are classified into two main types:
- Thermoplastics: Soften when heated and can be reshaped multiple times (e.g., polythene, PVC).
- Thermosetting plastics: Harden permanently after heating and cannot be reshaped (e.g., bakelite, melamine).
Plastics are lightweight, durable, and resistant to corrosion, which makes them useful in packaging, household items, and electrical appliances.
Comparison Between Natural and Synthetic Fibres
Understanding the difference between natural and synthetic fibres is important:
| Feature | Natural Fibres | Synthetic Fibres |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Plants or animals | Chemical synthesis |
| Water resistance | Usually absorb water | Water-resistant |
| Strength | Less strong | Generally stronger |
| Durability | Less durable | More durable |
| Examples | Cotton, wool | Nylon, polyester |
Synthetic fibres are designed to overcome the limitations of natural fibres.
Environmental Impact and Care of Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
While synthetic fibres and plastics are useful, they pose environmental challenges:
- They do not decompose easily, causing pollution.
- Recycling plastics helps reduce waste.
- Proper disposal and reuse of synthetic products can minimize harm.
Students should learn to use these materials responsibly and promote sustainable practices.
Frequently asked questions
What is synthetic fibre in Class 8 Science?
Synthetic fibre is a man-made fibre produced through chemical processes, unlike natural fibres from plants or animals.
How are plastics different from synthetic fibres?
Plastics are synthetic polymers used to make solid materials, while synthetic fibres are thin threads made from polymers used in textiles.
Can synthetic fibres be recycled?
Some synthetic fibres can be recycled, but recycling depends on the fibre type and local facilities.
What are thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics?
Thermoplastics soften on heating and can be reshaped, while thermosetting plastics harden permanently and cannot be reshaped.
Why are synthetic fibres preferred over natural fibres?
Synthetic fibres are stronger, water-resistant, and more durable than natural fibres, making them suitable for many uses.
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