What is Constitution: Why and How? Class 11 Political Science Guide
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 18 June 2026 · 4 min read
In Class 11 Political Science, understanding 'what is Constitution: Why and How?' is essential. The Constitution is the supreme law that defines a country's political framework, its purpose, and the process of its creation. This chapter explains these concepts clearly for NCERT students.
Definition of Constitution: What is it?
A Constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. It lays down the framework for political institutions, the distribution of powers, and the rights and duties of citizens.
- It is the supreme law of the land.
- It guides the functioning of the government.
- It protects the rights of individuals.
In Class 11 NCERT Political Science, the Constitution is explained as the basic law that governs India, ensuring democracy and justice for all.
Why Do We Need a Constitution?
A Constitution is necessary for several reasons:
- Establishing Order: It provides a legal framework to maintain order and resolve conflicts.
- Defining Government Powers: It clearly outlines the powers and responsibilities of different government branches.
- Protecting Rights: It guarantees fundamental rights to citizens, preventing misuse of power.
- Ensuring Justice: It ensures equality and fairness in society.
- Promoting Unity: It unites diverse groups under one legal system.
Without a Constitution, there would be chaos and no clear rules for governance.
Want to test yourself on Constitution: Why and How?? Try our free quiz →
How is a Constitution Made? The Process Explained
The making of a Constitution involves several key steps:
1. Drafting: Experts and representatives prepare a draft based on the country's needs. 2. Debate and Discussion: The draft is debated in assemblies or constituent bodies. 3. Approval: The final draft is approved by the representatives or through a referendum. 4. Enforcement: The Constitution comes into force from a specified date.
For example, the Indian Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, discussed extensively, and adopted on 26th November 1949.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| Drafting | Preparation of initial text |
| Discussion | Debates and suggestions |
| Approval | Formal acceptance by representatives |
| Enforcement | Constitution becomes effective |
Features of the Indian Constitution
The Indian Constitution has unique features that make it special:
- Written and Detailed: It is a written document with detailed provisions.
- Federal Structure: Powers are divided between the Centre and States.
- Parliamentary System: The government is responsible to the Parliament.
- Fundamental Rights: It guarantees basic rights to all citizens.
- Directive Principles: Guidelines for the government to promote welfare.
- Secularism: No state religion; equal treatment of all religions.
These features ensure democracy, justice, and equality in India.
Difference Between Constitution and Other Laws
Understanding how the Constitution differs from ordinary laws is important:
| Aspect | Constitution | Ordinary Laws |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Supreme law of the land | Laws made under the Constitution |
| Authority | Cannot be easily changed | Can be amended or repealed |
| Scope | Covers entire governance system | Specific areas or subjects |
| Protection | Fundamental rights are safeguarded | May not protect fundamental rights |
The Constitution provides the foundation, while ordinary laws function within its framework.
Importance of Studying Constitution in Class 11
For Class 11 students, studying the Constitution is vital because:
- It builds awareness about citizens’ rights and duties.
- Helps understand how India’s democracy functions.
- Prepares students for competitive exams and civic responsibilities.
- Encourages participation in nation-building.
The NCERT chapter 'Constitution: Why and How?' lays a strong foundation for further political science studies.
Frequently asked questions
What is the main purpose of a Constitution?
The main purpose is to provide a legal framework for government and protect citizens' rights.
Who drafted the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Can the Constitution be changed?
Yes, the Constitution can be amended through a special procedure outlined within it.
What are Fundamental Rights in the Constitution?
Fundamental Rights are basic rights guaranteed to all citizens to ensure freedom and equality.
Why is the Constitution called the supreme law?
Because all laws and government actions must conform to it; it overrides any conflicting laws.
Ready to ace this chapter?
Get the full Constitution: Why and How? chapter — interactive notes, diagrams, worked solutions, polls and a free practice quiz — in the ConceptScroll app.
Study smarter with ConceptScroll
Daily NCERT-aligned reels, AI doubt solving and chapter quizzes — all free.
Start learning free