We use many items in our daily life. From | Class 12 Geography Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 4 min read
We use many items in our daily life. From – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of We use many items in our daily life. From from Class 12 Geography, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Other Roads
Other roads include Border Roads and International Highways, which serve strategic, economic, and diplomatic purposes. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO), established in 1960, is a premier construction agency responsible for building and maintaining roads in strategically sensitive border areas, especially in the northern and northeastern regions of India. BRO has constructed roads in challenging high-altitude terrains, such as the road from Chandigarh to Manali and Leh, which runs at an average altitude of 4,270 meters above mean sea level. Besides road construction, BRO undertakes snow clearance in high-altitude areas to maintain year-round connectivity. International Highways facilitate cross-border transport and promote harmonious relations with neighboring countries. Examples include the Delhi-Lahore bus service via the Wagah border and the Aman Setu bridge between Baramula and Muzaffarabad. The world's longest highway tunnel, the Atal Tunnel (9.02 km), built by BRO in the Pir Panjal range, connects Manali to Lahaul-Spiti valley, ensuring all-year connectivity that was earlier cut off for six months due to heavy snowfall.
📊 Diagram: Figure 7.3 shows the Khardung La Pass in Ladakh, one of the highest motorable passes, highlighting the challenging terrain where BRO operates. Figures 7.4 and 7.5 depict the Delhi-Lahore bus at Wagah border and the Aman Setu bridge respectively, illustrating international connectivity.
🧪 Activity: Students are asked why cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Delhi, Kanpur, and Patna have emerged as important transport nodes.
🔗 Connection: This section connects to the next major transport mode: Rail Transport.
Frequently asked questions
1. Choose the right answers of the following from the given options. (i) In how many zones has the Indian Railways system been divided? (a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 17 (d) 14 (ii) On which river and between which two places does the National Water Way No. 1 lie? (a) The Brahmaputra, Sadiya-Dhubri (b) The Ganga, Haldia-Prayagraj (c) West Coast Canal, Kottapuram to Kollam (d) Godavari-Kakinada Puducherry (iii) In which of the following year, the first radio programme was broadcast? (a) 1911 (b) 1936 (c) 1927 (d) 1923
(i) The Indian Railways system has been divided into 17 zones. Hence, option (c) 17 is correct.
(ii) National Water Way No. 1 lies on the river Ganga between Haldia and Prayagraj. Hence, option (b) The Ganga, Haldia-Prayagraj is correct.
(iii) The first radio programme was broadcast in the year 1927. Hence, option (c) 1927 is correct.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. (i) Which activity does transportation convey? Name three major modes of transportation. (ii) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation. (iii) What do you mean by 'communication'?
(i) Transportation conveys the activity of moving people, goods, and services from one place to another. The three major modes of transportation are roadways, railways, and waterways.
(ii) Advantages of pipeline transportation include continuous and safe transport of liquids and gases, low operating costs, and less environmental pollution. Disadvantages include high initial investment, limited to specific goods, and vulnerability to damage.
(iii) Communication is the process of exchanging info
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words. (i) Which are the chief means of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their development. (ii) Give a detailed account of the development of railways in India and highlight their importance. (iii) Describe the role of roads in the economic development of India.
(i) The chief means of transportation in India are roadways, railways, waterways, and airways. Factors affecting their development include the country's vast size, diverse terrain, economic growth, government policies, technological advancements, and population density.
(ii) The development of railways in India began in 1853 with the first train running between Bombay and Thane. Railways expanded rapidly during British rule, connecting major cities and facilitating trade and mobility. Today, In
Project: Find out the facilities that Indian Railways provide to the passengers.
Indian Railways provides various facilities to passengers including reservation counters, online ticketing, waiting rooms, retiring rooms, catering services, clean drinking water, restrooms, security arrangements, disabled-friendly facilities, and information desks. They also offer different classes of travel to suit various budgets and needs, onboard entertainment in some trains, and parcel services.
Ready to ace this chapter?
Get the full We use many items in our daily life. From chapter — interactive notes, diagrams, worked solutions, polls and a free practice quiz — in the ConceptScroll app.
Study smarter with ConceptScroll
Daily NCERT-aligned reels, AI doubt solving and chapter quizzes — all free.
Start learning freeContinue reading
- computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database | Class 12 Geography Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database for Class 12 Geography.
- computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database | Class 12 Geography Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database for Class 12 Geography.
- computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database | Class 12 Geography Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database for Class 12 Geography.