We use many items in our daily life. From | Class 12 Geography Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read
We use many items in our daily life. From – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of We use many items in our daily life. From from Class 12 Geography, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Communication Networks
Communication has evolved from primitive methods such as drum beating, smoke signals, and messenger animals to advanced technologies like post, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, satellite, and internet. Initially, communication and transportation were linked, as messages were delivered physically. The invention of the post office, telegraph, printing press, telephone, and satellite revolutionized communication, making it faster and easier. Communication modes are categorized based on scale and quality into personal communication systems and mass communication systems. The internet is the most advanced personal communication system, enabling direct contact, e-mail, access to vast information, e-commerce, and money transactions at low cost. Mass communication includes radio, television, and satellite communication. Radio broadcasting began in India in 1923, evolving into All India Radio (Akashwani) by 1957, providing information, education, and entertainment. Television, introduced in 1959 in Delhi and later expanded, became a powerful audio-visual medium under Doordarshan. Satellite communication, through systems like INSAT and IRS, supports telecommunication, meteorological observation, natural resource management, weather forecasting, disaster monitoring, and border surveillance. Satellites have strategic and economic importance for India.
📊 Diagram: Figure 7.13 shows satellite communication, illustrating how satellites relay signals for various communication purposes.
🔗 Connection: This final section concludes the chapter and connects to exercises and projects for reinforcing learning.
Frequently asked questions
1. Choose the right answers of the following from the given options. (i) In how many zones has the Indian Railways system been divided? (a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 17 (d) 14 (ii) On which river and between which two places does the National Water Way No. 1 lie? (a) The Brahmaputra, Sadiya-Dhubri (b) The Ganga, Haldia-Prayagraj (c) West Coast Canal, Kottapuram to Kollam (d) Godavari-Kakinada Puducherry (iii) In which of the following year, the first radio programme was broadcast? (a) 1911 (b) 1936 (c) 1927 (d) 1923
(i) The Indian Railways system has been divided into 17 zones. Hence, option (c) 17 is correct.
(ii) National Water Way No. 1 lies on the river Ganga between Haldia and Prayagraj. Hence, option (b) The Ganga, Haldia-Prayagraj is correct.
(iii) The first radio programme was broadcast in the year 1927. Hence, option (c) 1927 is correct.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. (i) Which activity does transportation convey? Name three major modes of transportation. (ii) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of pipeline transportation. (iii) What do you mean by 'communication'?
(i) Transportation conveys the activity of moving people, goods, and services from one place to another. The three major modes of transportation are roadways, railways, and waterways.
(ii) Advantages of pipeline transportation include continuous and safe transport of liquids and gases, low operating costs, and less environmental pollution. Disadvantages include high initial investment, limited to specific goods, and vulnerability to damage.
(iii) Communication is the process of exchanging info
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words. (i) Which are the chief means of transportation in India? Discuss the factors affecting their development. (ii) Give a detailed account of the development of railways in India and highlight their importance. (iii) Describe the role of roads in the economic development of India.
(i) The chief means of transportation in India are roadways, railways, waterways, and airways. Factors affecting their development include the country's vast size, diverse terrain, economic growth, government policies, technological advancements, and population density.
(ii) The development of railways in India began in 1853 with the first train running between Bombay and Thane. Railways expanded rapidly during British rule, connecting major cities and facilitating trade and mobility. Today, In
Project: Find out the facilities that Indian Railways provide to the passengers.
Indian Railways provides various facilities to passengers including reservation counters, online ticketing, waiting rooms, retiring rooms, catering services, clean drinking water, restrooms, security arrangements, disabled-friendly facilities, and information desks. They also offer different classes of travel to suit various budgets and needs, onboard entertainment in some trains, and parcel services.
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- computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database | Class 12 Geography Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database for Class 12 Geography.
- computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database | Class 12 Geography Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database for Class 12 Geography.
- computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database | Class 12 Geography Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on computer hardware and the application software are referred as the Database for Class 12 Geography.