THER APEUTIC APPROACHES | Class 12 Psychology Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read
THER APEUTIC APPROACHES – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of THER APEUTIC APPROACHES from Class 12 Psychology, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Humanistic-existential Therapy
Humanistic-existential therapies propose that psychological distress arises from feelings of loneliness, alienation, and failure to find meaning and fulfilment. Humans are motivated by self-actualisation—the innate drive to become more complex, balanced, and integrated. When societal or familial constraints curb emotional expression and personal growth, distress results. Therapy aims to create a permissive, accepting atmosphere where clients can freely express emotions and remove obstacles to self-actualisation. The therapist acts as a facilitator, emphasizing client responsibility and freedom. Healing occurs as clients expand awareness and understand their unique experiences, initiating personal growth and integration. Existential therapy, including Victor Frankl’s Logotherapy, focuses on finding meaning even in suffering. Frankl highlights spiritual unconscious and existential anxiety arising from meaninglessness. Logotherapy encourages clients to find meaning and responsibility in life, emphasizing the present moment and discouraging transference. Client-centred therapy by Carl Rogers emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and warmth to help clients reconnect with their true selves. Gestalt therapy focuses on increasing self-awareness and acceptance by encouraging clients to act out blocked feelings and bodily processes.
📊 Diagram: No diagrams in this section.
🧪 Activity: None specified.
🔗 Connection: Leads to factors contributing to healing in psychotherapy.
Frequently asked questions
Describe the nature and scope of psychotherapy. Highlight the importance of therapeutic relationship in psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy is a treatment method aimed at helping individuals overcome psychological problems and improve mental health through verbal and psychological techniques. Its nature involves understanding the client's issues, emotions, and behaviors, and working collaboratively to bring about change. The scope of psychotherapy includes treatment of mental disorders, emotional difficulties, and enhancement of personal growth. The therapeutic relationship is crucial as it establishes trust, empathy,
What are the different types of psychotherapy? On what basis are they classified?
The main types of psychotherapy include psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavior therapy, and integrative or eclectic therapy. They are classified based on their theoretical orientation and techniques used. For example, psychodynamic therapy focuses on unconscious processes and past experiences; humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization; cognitive-behavioral therapy targets maladaptive thoughts and behaviors; behavior therapy us
Discuss the various techniques used in behaviour therapy.
Behavior therapy techniques include systematic desensitization, aversive conditioning, flooding, modeling, token economy, and relaxation training. Systematic desensitization involves gradual exposure to feared stimuli while practicing relaxation. Aversive conditioning pairs unwanted behavior with unpleasant stimuli to reduce it. Flooding exposes the client to the feared object or situation intensely and for a prolonged period. Modeling involves learning through observation of others. Token econo
Explain with the help of an example how cognitive distortions take place.
Cognitive distortions are biased or irrational ways of thinking that lead to negative emotions and behaviors. For example, a person who fails an exam may think, 'I am a complete failure and will never succeed,' which is an example of overgeneralization. This distorted thinking affects their self-esteem and motivation. Cognitive therapy aims to identify and correct such distortions to improve mental health.
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Clear NCERT-aligned notes on SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES for Class 12 Psychology.
- SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES | Class 12 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES for Class 12 Psychology.
- SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES | Class 12 Psychology Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP PROCESSES for Class 12 Psychology.