The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation | Class 6 Social Science Notes

The Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation

The Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation, also commonly known as the Harappan Civilisation, was one of the earliest urban cultures in the world. It flourished approximately between 2600 BCE and 1900 BCE in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. This civilisation is named after two major rivers: the Indus and the Sarasvati. The Sarasvati River, mentioned in ancient texts, is believed to have flowed through parts of present-day northwest India and Pakistan. This civilisation is remarkable for its advanced urban planning, architecture, and social organisation. The people of this civilisation lived in well-planned cities with sophisticated drainage systems, granaries, and public baths. The Harappan Civilisation was contemporary with the ancient civilisations of Mesopotamia and Egypt, indicating its importance in the early history of human civilisation. Archaeological excavations have revealed that the civilisation had a script, seals, pottery, and various artefacts that provide insights into their culture and daily life. The economy was primarily based on agriculture, animal husbandry, trade, and craft production. The Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation laid the foundation for the cultural and social development of the Indian subcontinent in later periods.

📊 Diagram: Fig. 6.2. Timeline showing the period of the Indus-Sarasvati civilisation, from about 2600 to 1900 BCE; 6—The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation

🧪 Activity: Students are encouraged to discuss how the discovery of ancient cities changes our understanding of history and the importance of rivers in the development of early civilisations.

🔗 Connection: This section leads to the next by introducing the geographical extent and locations where the Harappan people lived.