Summarising follows note-making. The purpose of note-making is usually | Class 11 English Notes

Summary Writing Techniques and Language Features

Effective summary writing requires not only selecting important points but also using appropriate language features to condense information without losing meaning. Techniques include using phrases in apposition (e.g., 'Soybean, a legume,'), present participles to reduce clauses (e.g., 'growing in a variety of soils'), and postponing the main verb to avoid repetition (e.g., 'Rich in protein, vitamins, minerals... it lowers LDL levels'). Using one word to replace many (e.g., 'precocious' for 'children who show intelligence far beyond their age') helps in brevity. Connectors and linking words ensure coherence and flow. Avoiding examples, explanations, and repetition keeps the summary focused. Precision in expression is vital to maintain the original text's meaning. Practising these techniques improves summarising skills and helps students write clear, concise summaries that are about one-third the length of the original text.

📊 Diagram: No diagrams; examples of sentence transformations can be shown in tabular form.

🧪 Activity: Practice rewriting sentences using apposition, participles, and one word substitutions to improve summarising.

🔗 Connection: Supports writing effective summaries from notes and passages.