Some of the most pressing ones concerned national unity and | Class 12 Political Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 4 min read
Some of the most pressing ones concerned national unity and – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Some of the most pressing ones concerned national unity and from Class 12 Political Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Fast Forward Creation of new states
The acceptance of linguistic states did not immediately resolve all demands for statehood. Some states remained bilingual, such as Bombay state, which included Gujarati- and Marathi-speaking populations. Popular agitations led to the creation of Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960. Similarly, Punjab, with Hindi- and Punjabi-speaking groups, was reorganised in 1966, creating Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. The northeast saw further reorganisation in 1972 with Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura becoming states, followed by Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in 1987. Sub-regional movements based on distinct cultures or regional imbalances in development led to the creation of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, and Jharkhand in 2000, and Telangana in 2014. These developments show that linguistic identity remained important but was supplemented by other regional considerations. The process of state formation continues, with ongoing demands in regions like Vidarbha, Harit Pradesh, and northern West Bengal. The evolution of states reflects India's dynamic democracy, balancing unity with diversity and regional aspirations.
📊 Diagram: Cartoon and images depicting popular movements for linguistic states and the political debates surrounding state reorganisation.
🧪 Activity: Students can research ongoing statehood demands and debate the pros and cons of creating new states.
🔗 Connection: This section leads to reflection questions and exercises on Partition, integration, and state reorganisation challenges.
Frequently asked questions
Which among the following statements about the Partition is incorrect? (a) Partition of India was the outcome of the "two-nation theory." (b) Punjab and Bengal were the two provinces divided on the basis of religion. (c) East Pakistan and West Pakistan were not contiguous. (d) The scheme of Partition included a plan for transfer of population across the border.
Option (b) is incorrect. Punjab and Bengal were indeed divided on the basis of religion, so this statement is correct. The incorrect statement is (b) because all the other statements are true. The Partition of India was indeed the outcome of the two-nation theory (a). East Pakistan and West Pakistan were geographically separated and not contiguous (c). The Partition scheme did include plans for transfer of population across the border (d). Therefore, none of the statements are incorrect as given
Match the principles with the instances: (a) Mapping of boundaries on religious grounds (b) Mapping of boundaries on grounds of different languages (c) Demarcating boundaries within a country by geographical zones (d) Demarcating boundaries within a country on administrative and political grounds i. Pakistan and Bangladesh ii. India and Pakistan iii. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh iv. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
The correct matching is: (a) Mapping of boundaries on religious grounds — i. Pakistan and Bangladesh (b) Mapping of boundaries on grounds of different languages — ii. India and Pakistan (c) Demarcating boundaries within a country by geographical zones — iv. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand (d) Demarcating boundaries within a country on administrative and political grounds — iii. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh
Take a current political map of India (showing outlines of states) and mark the location of the following Princely States. (a) Junagadh (b) Manipur (c) Mysore (d) Gwalior
On a current political map of India: (a) Junagadh is located in the western part of Gujarat near the Arabian Sea coast. (b) Manipur is located in the northeastern region of India, bordering Myanmar. (c) Mysore (now Mysuru) is located in the southern state of Karnataka. (d) Gwalior is located in the central northern part of Madhya Pradesh.
Here are two opinions – Bismay: "The merger with the Indian State was an extension of democracy to the people of the Princely States." Inderpreet: "I am not so sure, there was force being used. Democracy comes by creating consensus." What is your own opinion in the light of accession of Princely States and the responses of the people in these parts?
The accession of princely states to India was a complex process. While many states merged peacefully, extending democratic governance to their people, in some cases, force or political pressure was used. Therefore, Bismay's view reflects the ideal democratic extension, whereas Inderpreet's view highlights the reality that consensus was not always achieved. My opinion is that while the merger largely helped unify India and extend democracy, the process was uneven and sometimes coercive, reflectin
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Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.
- भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव | Class 12 Political Science Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.
- भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव | Class 12 Political Science Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.