Organisation of Data | Class 11 Economics Notes

CLASSIFICATION OF DATA

This section elaborates on the various ways raw data can be classified depending on the purpose of analysis. Classification groups data into classes or categories based on specific criteria. For example, schoolbooks can be classified by subjects, authors, or year of publication depending on the need. Similarly, data can be classified by time (chronological classification), space (spatial classification), or attributes (qualitative classification). Chronological classification arranges data in ascending or descending order of time units such as years, months, or quarters. An example is the population of India over different census years (Table 3.3). Spatial classification groups data by geographical locations such as countries, states, or cities. Example 2 shows wheat yield in different countries (Table 3.4). Qualitative classification is used for characteristics that cannot be measured quantitatively but can be classified by presence or absence of attributes, such as gender, nationality, religion, marital status, etc. Example 3 illustrates classification of population by gender and marital status (Figure 5). Quantitative classification deals with measurable characteristics like height, weight, income, marks, etc., grouped into classes. Example 4 shows frequency distribution of marks in mathematics of 100 students (Table 5). The section highlights that classification depends on the analysis objective and can be univariate or multivariate. It also introduces the concept of frequency distribution as a method to classify quantitative data systematically.

📊 Diagram: See table_3: Table on page 4 (8×2); See figure_4: Example 2 shows the yield of wheat in different countries.; See table_4: Table on page 5 (7×2); See figure_5: Example 3; See table_5: Table on page 6 (12×2)

🧪 Activity: In Example 1, find out the years in which India's population was minimum and maximum. In Example 2, find the country whose yield of wheat is slightly more than that of India's and calculate the percentage difference. Arrange countries in ascending and descending order of yield.

🔗 Connection: Leads to the next section on Variables: Continuous and Discrete, explaining the nature of data variables.

Table on page 4 (8×2)

Table on page 5 (7×2)

Table on page 6 (12×2)