Human Resources | Class 8 Social Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 4 min read
Human Resources – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Human Resources from Class 8 Social Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
PATTERNS OF POPULATION CHANGE
Population growth rates vary widely across the world. While the global population is rising rapidly, not all countries experience the same growth patterns. Some countries, such as Kenya, have high population growth rates due to high birth rates and initially high death rates. With improvements in healthcare, death rates have fallen, but birth rates remain high, resulting in rapid population growth. In contrast, countries like the United Kingdom have low birth and death rates, leading to slow or stable population growth. Migration also affects population size; developed countries like the USA and Australia have gained population through immigration, while countries like Sudan have lost population due to emigration. Within countries, many people move from rural to urban areas seeking better employment, education, and health facilities. These varying patterns reflect differences in social, economic, and health conditions across regions.
📊 Diagram: Figure 5.5 shows a world map with varying rates of population growth, highlighting countries with high, moderate, and low growth rates.
🔗 Connection: This section prepares the understanding of population composition, which examines the structure and characteristics of populations beyond just numbers.
Frequently asked questions
1. Answer the following questions. (i) Why are people considered a resource? (ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world? (iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why? (iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change. (v) What is meant by population composition? (vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?
1.(i) People are considered a resource because they contribute to the development of a country through their skills, knowledge, and labor. They are not just consumers but also producers who can improve the economy and society.
(ii) Causes for uneven distribution of population include physical factors like climate, availability of water, soil fertility, and relief; economic factors such as availability of jobs and industrial development; and social factors like political stability and cultural a
2. Tick the correct answer. (i) Which does the term population distribution refer to? (a) How population in a specified area changes over time. (b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area. (c) The way in which people are spread across a given area. (ii) Which are three main factors that cause population change? (a) Births, deaths and marriage (b) Births, deaths and migration (c) Births, deaths and life expectancy (iii) In 1999, the world population reached (a) 1 billion (b) 3 billion (c) 6 billion (iv) What is a population pyramid? (a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population. (b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings. (c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.
(i) (c) The way in which people are spread across a given area. (ii) (b) Births, deaths and migration (iii) (c) 6 billion (iv) (a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.
3. Complete the sentences below using some of the following words. sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely When people are attracted to an area it becomes ... populated Factors that influence this include ... climate; good supplies of ... resources and ... land.
When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.
4. Activity Discuss the characteristics of a society with ‘too many under 15s’ and one with ‘too few under 15s’. Hint: need for schools; pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheel chairs, labour supply, hospitals.
A society with too many under 15s will have a high demand for schools, teachers, toys, and pediatric healthcare facilities. It will have a large future labor supply but may face challenges in providing adequate resources and employment opportunities.
A society with too few under 15s will have less demand for schools and child-related services but may face issues like an aging population, increased need for pension schemes, healthcare for elderly (wheel chairs, hospitals), and a shrinking labor
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