Globalisation | Class 12 Political Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 4 min read
Globalisation – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Globalisation from Class 12 Political Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Political Consequences
Globalisation has significant political consequences, especially regarding the role and sovereignty of the state. One major effect is the erosion of state capacity, meaning governments find it harder to perform some of their traditional functions. The welfare state model, which provided extensive social services and economic support, is giving way to a minimalist state focusing on core functions like law and order and national security. Market forces and multinational corporations increasingly influence economic and social priorities, reducing the autonomy of governments.
However, globalisation does not uniformly weaken states. The state remains the primary political community and continues to manage essential functions. Rivalries and conflicts between states persist, showing that state sovereignty is still relevant. In some cases, states have enhanced their capacities by using new technologies for surveillance and governance, becoming more powerful in controlling their populations.
Thus, globalisation reshapes state roles rather than simply diminishing them. States may withdraw from some areas but strengthen control in others, adapting to the new global context.
📊 Diagram: Image showing state functions and multinational corporations, illustrating the shifting balance of power between states and global economic actors.
🔗 Connection: This section leads into the economic consequences of globalisation by highlighting the changing role of the state in economic governance.
Frequently asked questions
1. Which of the statements are TRUE about globalisation? a. Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon. b. Globalisation began in 1991. c. Globalisation is the same thing as westernisation. d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
The correct statement is d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Explanation:
- a is false because globalisation is not purely economic; it also includes cultural, political, technological, and social dimensions.
- b is false because globalisation began long before 1991; 1991 marks a significant liberalisation phase in India but globalisation as a process is older.
- c is false because globalisation is not the same as westernisation; westernisation is one aspect but globalisation i
2. Which of the statements are TRUE about the impact of globalisation? a. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies. b. Globalisation has had a uniform impact on all states and societies. c. The impact of globalisation has been confined to the political sphere. d. Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.
The correct statement is a. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
Explanation:
- a is true because globalisation affects different countries and social groups differently.
- b is false as the impact is not uniform.
- c is false because globalisation impacts economic, cultural, social, and political spheres.
- d is false because globalisation does not inevitably lead to cultural homogeneity; it can also lead to cultural diversity or hybridisation.
3. Which of the statements are TRUE about the causes of globalisation? a. Technology is an important cause of globalisation. b. Globalisation is caused by a particular community of people. c. Globalisation originated in the US. d. Economic interdependence alone causes globalisation.
The correct statement is a. Technology is an important cause of globalisation.
Explanation:
- a is true because advances in technology, especially communication and transport, have facilitated globalisation.
- b is false because globalisation is a complex process involving many actors, not a single community.
- c is false as globalisation is a historical process involving many regions.
- d is false because economic interdependence is one cause but not the only one; technology, politics, culture
4. Which of the statements are TRUE about globalisation? a. Globalisation is only about movement of commodities b. Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values. c. Services are an insignificant part of globalisation. d. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.
The correct statement is d. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.
Explanation:
- a is false because globalisation involves movement of commodities, services, capital, information, and people.
- b is false because globalisation often involves conflicts of values and cultural clashes.
- c is false because services are a significant part of globalisation.
- d is true as globalisation fundamentally means interconnectedness across the world.
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Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.
- भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव | Class 12 Political Science Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.