Globalisation | Class 12 Political Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 4 min read
Globalisation – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Globalisation from Class 12 Political Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Causes of Globalisation
Globalisation is driven by multiple factors, but technology plays a critical role in enabling the flows of ideas, capital, commodities, and people. While globalisation has historical roots, contemporary globalisation is distinguished by the scale and speed of these flows. Technological advances such as the telegraph, telephone, and especially the microchip and internet have revolutionised communication and transportation, making it easier and faster to connect different parts of the world.
Printing technology historically contributed to the rise of nationalism by spreading ideas widely; similarly, today’s technologies shape personal and collective lives by facilitating global interactions. However, technology alone does not cause globalisation. It requires people and institutions to recognise and act upon these interconnections. For example, global health crises like bird flu or natural disasters like tsunamis demonstrate how events in one region can have worldwide impacts, transcending national boundaries.
The movement of capital and commodities tends to be faster and more extensive than the movement of people, which remains more restricted due to visa and immigration policies. Globalisation is thus a complex process involving technological, economic, political, and social factors that together create a more interconnected world.
📊 Diagram: Cartoon showing digital economy and global communication networks, illustrating how technology underpins economic globalisation and worldwide flows.
🔗 Connection: This section prepares for the discussion on the political, economic, and cultural consequences of globalisation by explaining its underlying causes.
Frequently asked questions
1. Which of the statements are TRUE about globalisation? a. Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon. b. Globalisation began in 1991. c. Globalisation is the same thing as westernisation. d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
The correct statement is d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Explanation:
- a is false because globalisation is not purely economic; it also includes cultural, political, technological, and social dimensions.
- b is false because globalisation began long before 1991; 1991 marks a significant liberalisation phase in India but globalisation as a process is older.
- c is false because globalisation is not the same as westernisation; westernisation is one aspect but globalisation i
2. Which of the statements are TRUE about the impact of globalisation? a. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies. b. Globalisation has had a uniform impact on all states and societies. c. The impact of globalisation has been confined to the political sphere. d. Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.
The correct statement is a. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
Explanation:
- a is true because globalisation affects different countries and social groups differently.
- b is false as the impact is not uniform.
- c is false because globalisation impacts economic, cultural, social, and political spheres.
- d is false because globalisation does not inevitably lead to cultural homogeneity; it can also lead to cultural diversity or hybridisation.
3. Which of the statements are TRUE about the causes of globalisation? a. Technology is an important cause of globalisation. b. Globalisation is caused by a particular community of people. c. Globalisation originated in the US. d. Economic interdependence alone causes globalisation.
The correct statement is a. Technology is an important cause of globalisation.
Explanation:
- a is true because advances in technology, especially communication and transport, have facilitated globalisation.
- b is false because globalisation is a complex process involving many actors, not a single community.
- c is false as globalisation is a historical process involving many regions.
- d is false because economic interdependence is one cause but not the only one; technology, politics, culture
4. Which of the statements are TRUE about globalisation? a. Globalisation is only about movement of commodities b. Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values. c. Services are an insignificant part of globalisation. d. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.
The correct statement is d. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.
Explanation:
- a is false because globalisation involves movement of commodities, services, capital, information, and people.
- b is false because globalisation often involves conflicts of values and cultural clashes.
- c is false because services are a significant part of globalisation.
- d is true as globalisation fundamentally means interconnectedness across the world.
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Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.
- भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव | Class 12 Political Science Notes
Clear NCERT-aligned notes on भारतीय राजनीति में नए बदलाव for Class 12 Political Science.