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SociologyClass 12Globalisation and Social Change

Globalisation and Social Change | Class 12 Sociology Notes

By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read

Globalisation and Social Change – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Globalisation and Social Change from Class 12 Sociology, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.

Globalisation and Social Change

This section delves into the sociological understanding of globalisation, emphasizing its complexity and multifaceted nature. Globalisation is not a singular phenomenon but involves economic, political, and cultural dimensions that are deeply interconnected. Sociology uses the sociological imagination to link individual experiences with larger social processes, helping to understand how global changes affect local lives.

The opening of markets and removal of import restrictions since 2001 have brought a variety of global products into Indian markets, changing consumption patterns. While urban consumers enjoy greater choices, producers such as farmers may face livelihood challenges due to increased competition. The media landscape has also transformed dramatically, with numerous television channels reflecting global influences.

The section highlights that globalisation affects different social groups unevenly. For example, women silk spinners in Bihar lost jobs due to cheaper imported silk yarn, and traditional fishing communities in Gujarat faced livelihood threats from large foreign fishing vessels. Similarly, rag pickers in cities lost employment due to imported waste paper.

Sociologists must study social institutions, practices, and communities considering these global interconnections. The section concludes by noting the divergent views on globalisation's impact: some see it as a path to progress, others as exacerbating inequality, and some argue it is a continuation of historical global interactions rather than a new phenomenon.

📊 Diagram: Images depicting traditional occupations affected by globalisation, such as silk spinners and fishing communities.

🔗 Connection: Prepares for the historical context of global interconnections and their evolution in India.

Frequently asked questions

1. Choose any topic that is of interest to you and discuss how you think globalisation has affected it. You could choose cinema, work, marriage or any other topic.

This is an open-ended question inviting personal reflection and analysis. To answer, select a topic such as cinema, work, or marriage. Discuss how globalisation has influenced that area by considering factors like cultural exchange, economic integration, technological advancements, or social changes. For example, if cinema is chosen, one might discuss the global distribution of films, cross-cultural influences in storytelling, or the impact of multinational film companies. If work is chosen, dis

2. What are the distinctive features of a globalised economy? Discuss.

A globalised economy is characterized by several distinctive features:

1. Integration of Markets: National economies are interconnected through trade, investment, and capital flows. 2. Multinational Corporations: Large companies operate across borders, influencing production and consumption worldwide. 3. Technological Advancement: Rapid communication and transport technologies facilitate global economic activities. 4. Liberalisation: Reduction of trade barriers and deregulation encourage free m

3. Briefly discuss the impact of globalisation on culture.

Globalisation impacts culture in multiple ways:

1. Cultural Exchange: Increased interaction leads to sharing and blending of cultural practices, ideas, and values. 2. Cultural Homogenisation: Dominance of certain cultures, especially Western, can lead to loss of local traditions and languages. 3. Cultural Hybridisation: New cultural forms emerge by mixing global and local elements. 4. Spread of Media and Technology: Global media influences lifestyles, fashion, and consumption patterns. 5. Resis

4. What is globalisation? Is it simply a market strategy adopted by multinational companies or is genuine cultural synthesis taking place? Discuss.

Globalisation refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, especially in economic, cultural, political, and social spheres.

It is not merely a market strategy adopted by multinational companies to expand their business and profits, although economic motives are significant. Globalisation also involves cultural exchanges, technological diffusion, and social transformations.

Genuine cultural synthesis is taking place as people across the world inter

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