Globalisation and Social Change | Class 12 Sociology Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read
Globalisation and Social Change – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Globalisation and Social Change from Class 12 Sociology, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Frequently asked questions
1. Choose any topic that is of interest to you and discuss how you think globalisation has affected it. You could choose cinema, work, marriage or any other topic.
This is an open-ended question inviting personal reflection and analysis. To answer, select a topic such as cinema, work, or marriage. Discuss how globalisation has influenced that area by considering factors like cultural exchange, economic integration, technological advancements, or social changes. For example, if cinema is chosen, one might discuss the global distribution of films, cross-cultural influences in storytelling, or the impact of multinational film companies. If work is chosen, dis
2. What are the distinctive features of a globalised economy? Discuss.
A globalised economy is characterized by several distinctive features:
1. Integration of Markets: National economies are interconnected through trade, investment, and capital flows. 2. Multinational Corporations: Large companies operate across borders, influencing production and consumption worldwide. 3. Technological Advancement: Rapid communication and transport technologies facilitate global economic activities. 4. Liberalisation: Reduction of trade barriers and deregulation encourage free m
3. Briefly discuss the impact of globalisation on culture.
Globalisation impacts culture in multiple ways:
1. Cultural Exchange: Increased interaction leads to sharing and blending of cultural practices, ideas, and values. 2. Cultural Homogenisation: Dominance of certain cultures, especially Western, can lead to loss of local traditions and languages. 3. Cultural Hybridisation: New cultural forms emerge by mixing global and local elements. 4. Spread of Media and Technology: Global media influences lifestyles, fashion, and consumption patterns. 5. Resis
4. What is globalisation? Is it simply a market strategy adopted by multinational companies or is genuine cultural synthesis taking place? Discuss.
Globalisation refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, especially in economic, cultural, political, and social spheres.
It is not merely a market strategy adopted by multinational companies to expand their business and profits, although economic motives are significant. Globalisation also involves cultural exchanges, technological diffusion, and social transformations.
Genuine cultural synthesis is taking place as people across the world inter
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Social Change and Development in India
Globalisation is a key factor influencing social change and development in contemporary India. The term 'globalisation' has become common in media, political discourse, and everyday conversation, reflecting its pervasive impact. It is closely linked with liberalisation, which refers to the economic reforms initiated by the Indian government to open up the economy to global markets. These reforms have affected various sectors including industry, agriculture, and services. The chapter revisits earlier discussions on globalisation and liberalisation from previous chapters, emphasizing their relevance to understanding social change.
The International Diabetes Federation's Diabetes Atlas highlights a significant public health concern linked to globalisation: the rise in diabetes prevalence in India and China. This example illustrates how global economic and industrial changes can have profound social and health consequences. The Atlas projects that India will continue to have the highest number of diabetics by 2025, underscoring the need for government policies to address such challenges.
An activity encourages students to observe the use of the term 'globalisation' in newspapers and television, fostering awareness of its varied contexts. The chapter also mentions global movements such as protests against the World Trade Organisation (WTO), reflecting the political dimensions of globalisation.
The example of Ghaziabad as a 'global city' introduces the idea that urban centres in India are increasingly integrated into global networks, affecting social and economic life. Overall, this section sets the stage for a detailed exploration of globalisation's multifaceted impact on Indian society.
📊 Diagram: Photographs illustrating urban life and global connections in Indian cities, including images of Ghaziabad as a global city.
🧪 Activity: Activity 6.1: Read newspapers for two weeks to note how 'globalisation' is used; observe its usage in television programmes focusing on political, economic, or cultural matters.
🔗 Connection: Leads into a detailed examination of the meaning of globalisation, its dimensions, and social consequences in the next section.