Environment and Sustainable Development | Class 11 Economics Notes

7.5 STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This section discusses practical strategies India is adopting to achieve sustainable development. It highlights the use of non-conventional energy sources such as wind power, solar power, mini-hydel plants, and biogas to reduce reliance on thermal and hydroelectric power, which have environmental drawbacks like pollution and habitat disruption. LPG and gobar gas plants are promoted in rural areas to reduce deforestation and indoor air pollution caused by traditional biomass fuels. In urban areas, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) use in public transport has significantly lowered air pollution, as seen in Delhi and other cities. Wind power harnesses high-speed winds to generate electricity without pollution, though initial costs are high. Solar power through photovoltaic cells converts sunlight directly into electricity, especially useful in remote areas lacking grid access. Mini-hydel plants use small streams to generate local electricity with minimal environmental impact. The section also emphasizes the revival of traditional knowledge and practices, such as Ayurveda and organic farming, which are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Biocomposting using organic waste and earthworms improves soil fertility and reduces chemical fertiliser use. Biopest control using plant-based pesticides like neem and encouraging natural predators like snakes and birds helps reduce chemical pesticide dependence. These strategies collectively promote sustainable development by conserving resources, reducing pollution, and supporting livelihoods.

📊 Diagram: Figure 7.4 shows a gobar gas plant utilizing cattle dung to produce energy, illustrating rural sustainable energy use.

🧪 Activity: Students are encouraged to debate the need for sustainable development practices, citing examples like CNG use and solar energy adoption in their localities.

🔗 Connection: Leads to the conclusion summarizing the importance of sustainable development.