CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT | Class 8 Science Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 3 min read
CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT from Class 8 Science, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to assist in the growth of crops. Water is essential for photosynthesis, nutrient transport, and maintaining cell turgidity in plants. In many parts of India, rainfall is seasonal and insufficient, making irrigation necessary to ensure continuous crop growth. Various methods of irrigation are used depending on the availability of water and type of crop. Traditional methods include watering with pots and canals, while modern methods include sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation simulates rainfall by spraying water over the crops, suitable for uneven land. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the roots through pipes, conserving water and reducing weed growth. Proper irrigation management prevents water wastage and ensures crops receive adequate moisture. Over-irrigation can lead to waterlogging and soil erosion, while under-irrigation causes drought stress in plants. Efficient irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable agriculture and higher crop yields.
📊 Diagram: Diagram depicts traditional canal irrigation, sprinkler system spraying water over crops, and drip irrigation pipes delivering water to roots (See figure_4).
🧪 Activity: Activity: Visit a farm or garden and observe the irrigation method used. Note the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
🔗 Connection: Leads to the next section 'Weeding' which discusses removal of unwanted plants.
Frequently asked questions
1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks. float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation (a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called __________. (b) The first step before growing crops is __________ of the soil. (c) Damaged seeds would __________ on top of water. (d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and __________ and __________ from the soil are essential.
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop.
(b) The first step before growing crops is preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
2. Match items in column A with those in column B. A (i) Kharif crops (ii) Rabi crops (iii) Chemical fertilisers (iv) Organic manure B (a) Food for cattle (b) Urea and super phosphate (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant waste (d) Wheat, gram, pea (e) Paddy and maize
Matching: (i) Kharif crops - (e) Paddy and maize (ii) Rabi crops - (d) Wheat, gram, pea (iii) Chemical fertilisers - (b) Urea and super phosphate (iv) Organic manure - (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant waste
3. Give two examples of each. (a) Kharif crop (b) Rabi crop
(a) Examples of Kharif crops: Paddy, Maize (b) Examples of Rabi crops: Wheat, Gram
4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following. (a) Preparation of soil (b) Sowing (c) Weeding (d) Threshing
(a) Preparation of soil: It involves loosening and turning the soil by ploughing to make it suitable for sowing seeds. It helps in aeration and mixing of nutrients.
(b) Sowing: It is the process of planting seeds in the soil at proper depth and spacing to ensure good germination.
(c) Weeding: It is the removal of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops for nutrients, water and sunlight.
(d) Threshing: It is the process of separating grains from the harvested crop plants, usually by be
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