Biodiversity And Conservation | Class 11 Geography Notes
By ConceptScroll Team · Published on 17 July 2026 · 4 min read
Biodiversity And Conservation – this guide gives you a concise, exam-ready overview of Biodiversity And Conservation from Class 11 Geography, written by ConceptScroll editors and reviewed against the latest NCERT textbook.
Conservation of Biodiversity
Conserving biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecological balance and human survival. All life forms are interconnected; loss of species causes environmental degradation threatening human existence. Conservation requires educating people to adopt environment-friendly practices and aligning development with sustainability. Local community involvement and institutional structures are crucial for effective conservation. The Government of India and 155 other nations signed the Convention on Biodiversity at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, emphasizing global cooperation. The World Conservation Strategy recommends preserving endangered species, preventing extinction through planning and management, conserving crop varieties and wild relatives, protecting habitats critical for feeding, breeding, and nursing, and regulating international trade in wild plants and animals. India enacted the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, establishing national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves to safeguard biodiversity. Conservation efforts focus not only on species but also on habitats and ecological processes to ensure long-term sustainability.
📊 Diagram: Figure 14.3 shows Humbodtia decurrens Bedd, a rare endemic tree of Southern Western Ghats, exemplifying species requiring conservation.
🔗 Connection: Prepares for understanding biodiversity hotspots and global conservation priorities.
Frequently asked questions
1. Multiple choice questions. (i) Conservation of biodiversity is important for : (a) Animals (c) Plants (b) Animals and plants (d) All organisms (ii) Threatened species are those which : (a) threaten others (b) Lion and tiger (c) are abundant in number (d) are suffering from the danger of extinction (iii) National parks and sanctuaries are established for the purpose of : (a) Recreation (c) Pets (b) Hunting (d) Conservation (iv) Biodiversity is richer in : (a) Tropical Regions (b) Polar Regions (c) Temperate Regions (d) Oceans (v) In which one of the following countries, the 'Earth Summit' was held? (a) the UK (b) Mexico (c) Brazil (d) China
(i) Conservation of biodiversity is important for (d) All organisms. Explanation: Biodiversity includes all forms of life including animals, plants, and microorganisms, all of which are important for ecosystem balance.
(ii) Threatened species are those which (d) are suffering from the danger of extinction. Explanation: Threatened species are those at risk of extinction due to various factors like habitat loss, hunting, etc.
(iii) National parks and sanctuaries are established for the purpose o
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. (i) What is biodiversity? (ii) What are the different levels of biodiversity? (iii) What do you understand by 'hotspots'? (iv) Discuss briefly the importance of animals to human kind. (v) What do you understand by 'exotic species'?
(i) Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on Earth including plants, animals, and microorganisms.
(ii) The different levels of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
(iii) 'Hotspots' are regions with exceptionally high levels of endemic species and significant habitat loss.
(iv) Animals are important to humans for food, clothing, medicine, ecological balance, and cultural values.
(v) 'Exotic species' are species introduced to an area where they do
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words. (i) What are the roles played by biodiversity in the shaping of nature? (ii) What are the major factors that are responsible for the loss of biodiversity? What steps are needed to prevent them?
(i) Biodiversity plays several roles in shaping nature. It maintains ecosystem stability by supporting food chains and nutrient cycles. Diverse species contribute to ecosystem services such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation. Biodiversity also provides genetic resources for agriculture, medicine, and industry, and supports cultural and recreational values.
(ii) Major factors responsible for biodiversity loss include habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, invas
Project Work Collect the names of national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves of the state where your school is located and show their location on the map of India.
This is a project work requiring students to research and list national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves in their state and mark them on the map of India. The solution involves: 1. Identifying the state. 2. Researching official sources or textbooks for protected areas in that state. 3. Listing the names of national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. 4. Locating these areas on a blank map of India and marking them accurately. This exercise helps students understand biodiversity
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