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Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia was a member of the first

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Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia was a member of the firstStudy Notes

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Before you read

Explanation

Before you read

This introductory section sets the stage for the chapter 'The Summit Within' by presenting Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia as a member of the first successful Indian expedition to Mount Everest in 1965. It invites readers to explore his personal experience of standing on the highest point in the world and the complex emotions he felt at that moment. The narrative promises to reveal not only the physical challenge of climbing Everest but also the deeper, more difficult task of conquering the 'summit within'—a metaphor for inner growth and self-realization. Ahluwalia reflects on the dominant emotion of humility he experienced upon reaching the summit, contrasting it with the expected jubilation. He expresses a tinge of sadness, questioning whether reaching the ultimate physical peak meant there was nothing higher left to achieve. The section emphasizes that climbing Everest is not just a physical feat but a transformative experience that changes a person fundamentally. This sets a philosophical tone for the chapter, highlighting the dual nature of summits—external and internal.

  • Major H.P.S. Ahluwalia was part of the first successful Indian Everest expedition in 1965.
  • He experienced a complex mix of emotions upon reaching the summit, primarily humility.
  • The climb represents not only a physical achievement but also a spiritual and emotional transformation.
  • The 'summit within' refers to the inner challenges and growth beyond physical accomplishments.
  • Reaching Everest's summit prompts reflection on life's greater challenges and personal meaning.
  • The experience of climbing changes a person permanently.
  • 📌 Summit: The highest point of a mountain.
  • 📌 Humility: A modest view of one's importance.
  • 📌 Jubilant: Feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.

Why do people climb mountains?

Explanation

Why do people climb mountains?

This section delves into the motivations behind mountain climbing, particularly the allure of Everest. Ahluwalia questions why the act of reaching the summit holds such a strong grip on the imagination, even after the physical challenge is over. He discusses the common answer: 'Because it is there,' highlighting the human delight in overcoming obstacles. The physical challenges of endurance, persistence, and willpower are exhilarating and rewarding. Ahluwalia shares a personal connection to mountains, describing his childhood attraction to them and the misery he felt away from them. Mountains symbolize nature's grandeur and serve as a means of communion with God. Everest, being the highest and most formidable peak, represents the ultimate challenge that demands total commitment and energy. The climb is a brutal struggle with rock and ice, where giving up halfway is not an option, even at the risk of life. The joy of victory and the exhilaration of having conquered such a challenge provide a profound sense of happiness and fulfillment.

  • People climb mountains for the challenge and to overcome physical obstacles.
  • Endurance, persistence, and willpower are key qualities needed for climbing.
  • Mountains represent nature's beauty and a spiritual connection to God.
  • Everest is irresistible because of its height, difficulty, and history of defied attempts.
  • Climbing Everest requires total commitment; retreat is as difficult as ascent.
  • The sense of victory after climbing is deeply joyful and fulfilling.
  • 📌 Endurance: The ability to withstand hardship or stress.
  • 📌 Persistence: Continuing firmly despite difficulty.
  • 📌 Willpower: Control exerted to do something or restrain impulses.

The mystical attraction of mountains

Explanation

The mystical attraction of mountains

Ahluwalia reflects on the mystical and spiritual pull that mountains exert on him and many others. He describes how glimpsing a peak transports him to another world, evoking a mystical experience characterized by beauty, aloofness, might, ruggedness,

Practice QuestionsMajor H.P.S. Ahluwalia was a member of the first

Includes NCERT exercise questions with answers

Q1.Fill in the blanks in the following dialogues choosing suitable phrases from those given in the box. (i) Teacher: You were away from school without permission. Go to the principal ___________ and submit your explanation. Pupil: Yes, Madam. But would you help me write it first? (ii) Arun: Are you unwell? Ila: No, not ___________. Why do you ask? Arun: If you were unwell, I would send you to my uncle. He is a doctor. (iii) Mary: Almost every Indian film has an episode of love ___________. David: Is that what makes them so popular in foreign countries? (iv) Asif: You look depressed. Why are your spirits ___________ today? (Use such in the phrase) Ashok: I have to write ten sentences using words that I never heard before. (v) Shieba: Your big moment is close ___________. Jyoti: How should I welcome it? Shieba: Get up and receive the trophy.
A.at hand
B.at once
C.at all
D.at a low ebb
E.at first sight

Answer:

Answers: (i) at once Explanation: The teacher asks the pupil to go immediately to the principal, so 'at once' fits. (ii) at all Explanation: Ila denies being unwell, so 'not at all' is correct. (iii) at first sight Explanation: Indian films often have love at first sight episodes. (iv) at a low ebb Explanation: 'Spirits at a low ebb' means feeling depressed. (v) at hand Explanation: 'Big moment is close at hand' means it is near.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: (i) 'Go to the principal at once' means immediately. (ii) 'No, not at all' is a common phrase to deny. (iii) Love at first sight is a common theme. (iv) Spirits at a low ebb means low spirits. (v) Close at hand means near in time or place.

EasyNCERT
Q2.Write the noun forms of the following words adding -ance or -ence to each. (i) endure (ii) persist (iii) signify (iv) confide (v) maintain (vi) abhor

Answer:

Answers: (i) endurance (ii) persistence (iii) significance (iv) confidence (v) maintenance (vi) abhorrence Explanation: Adding -ance or -ence to the verbs forms the noun indicating the state or quality of the verb.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: (i) endure + ance = endurance (ii) persist + ence = persistence (iii) signify + cance = significance (iv) confide + dence = confidence (v) maintain + ance = maintenance (vi) abhor + rence = abhorrence

EasyNCERT
Q3.(i) Match words under A with their meanings under B. A: remote means dominant formidable overwhelmed B: difficult to overcome most prominent be overcome/overpowered method(s) far away from (ii) Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with appropriate words from under A. (a) There were ___________ obstacles on the way, but we reached our destination safely. (b) We have no ___________ of finding out what happened there. (c) Why he lives in a house ___________ from any town or village is more than I can tell. (d) ___________ by gratitude, we bowed to the speaker for his valuable advice. (e) The old castle stands in a ___________ position above the sleepy town.
A.A: remote, means, dominant, formidable, overwhelmed
B.B: difficult to overcome, most prominent, be overcome/overpowered, method(s), far away from

Answer:

(i) Matching: remote - far away from means - method(s) dominant - most prominent formidable - difficult to overcome overwhelmed - be overcome/overpowered (ii) Fill in the blanks: (a) formidable Explanation: 'formidable obstacles' means difficult to overcome obstacles. (b) means Explanation: 'no means' means no method or way. (c) remote Explanation: 'a house remote from any town' means far away. (d) overwhelmed Explanation: 'overwhelmed by gratitude' means deeply affected. (e) dominant Explanation: 'dominant position' means most prominent or commanding position.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: (i) Match each word to its meaning logically. (ii) Use the matched words to fill blanks appropriately based on context.

MediumNCERT
Q4.Write a composition describing a visit to the hills, or any place which you found beautiful and inspiring. Before writing, work in small groups. Discuss the points given below and decide if you want to use some of these points in your composition. - Consider this sentence Mountains are a means of communion with God. - Think of the act of worship or prayer. You believe yourself to be in the presence of the divine power. In a way, you are in communion with that power. - Imagine the climber on top of the summit—the height attained; limitless sky above; the climber’s last ounce of energy spent; feelings of gratitude, humility and peace. - The majesty of the mountains does bring you close to nature and the spirit and joy that lives there, if you have the ability to feel it. Some composition may be read aloud to the entire class afterwards.

Answer:

Sample answer: A visit to the hills is a memorable experience. The cool breeze, the tall trees, and the majestic mountains create a peaceful atmosphere. Standing on the summit, one feels close to nature and even to God. The silence and beauty inspire feelings of gratitude and humility. Such visits refresh the mind and soul. Explanation: Use the points given to describe your feelings, the scenery, and the spiritual experience of being in the hills.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: 1. Introduce the place visited. 2. Describe the natural beauty. 3. Express your feelings and thoughts. 4. Conclude with the impact of the visit on you.

MediumNCERT
Q5.The school boy in the poem is not a happy child. What makes him unhappy? Why does he compare himself to a bird that lives in a cage, or a plant that withers when it should blossom?

Answer:

Answer: The school boy is unhappy because going to school drives all joy away. He feels oppressed and unable to enjoy learning. He compares himself to a bird in a cage because he feels trapped and unable to sing joyfully. Similarly, he compares himself to a plant that withers because sorrow and cares dismay him, preventing him from blossoming and enjoying his youth. Explanation: The poem expresses the child's loss of freedom and happiness due to the strict and joyless school environment.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: 1. Identify the child's feelings of unhappiness. 2. Understand the metaphor of the bird in a cage. 3. Understand the metaphor of the withering plant. 4. Connect these to the child's experience at school.

MediumNCERT
Q6.Find three or four words/phrases in stanza 1 that reflect the child's happiness and joy.

Answer:

Answers: - 'I love to rise in a summer morn' - 'When the birds sing on every tree' - 'The distant huntsman winds his horn' - 'And the skylark sings with me' - 'O! what sweet company' Explanation: These phrases show the child's joy in nature and freedom before going to school.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: 1. Read stanza 1 carefully. 2. Identify words/phrases expressing happiness. 3. List them as answers.

EasyNCERT
Q7.In stanza 2, the mood changes. Which words/phrases reflect the changed mood?

Answer:

Answers: - 'O! it drives all joy away' - 'Under a cruel eye outworn' - 'The little ones spend the day' - 'In sighing and dismay' Explanation: These phrases show the child's unhappiness and oppression at school.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: 1. Read stanza 2 carefully. 2. Identify words/phrases showing sadness or gloom. 3. List them as answers.

EasyNCERT
Q8.'A cruel eye outworn' (stanza 2) refers to (i) the classroom which is shabby/noisy. (ii) the lessons which are difficult/uninteresting. (iii) the dull/uninspiring life at school with lots of work and no play. Mark the answer that you consider right.
A.A) the classroom which is shabby/noisy.
B.B) the lessons which are difficult/uninteresting.
C.C) the dull/uninspiring life at school with lots of work and no play.

Answer:

Correct answer: (iii) the dull/uninspiring life at school with lots of work and no play. Explanation: 'A cruel eye outworn' symbolizes the oppressive and joyless atmosphere of school life, where children have to work hard with no play or fun.

Explanation:

Step-by-step: 1. Understand the phrase 'cruel eye outworn' as a metaphor. 2. Eliminate options that do not fit the metaphor. 3. Choose the option that best describes the oppressive school life.

MediumNCERT